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As you will already be aware, responsibility for the UK’s telecommunications network is reserved to the UK Government, with the Department for Science, Innovation and Technology being the lead government department.

The move to digital-based services is an industry-led decision and process. The decision to upgrade the legacy PSTN network is driven by the increasing fragility of the 40-year old analogue landline technology and the increased difficulty in maintaining the current network, due to reduced availability of replacement parts and the reduction of expertise in these analogue systems.

Universal Service Obligations

It is worth noting that the PSTN migration does not affect the Universal Service Obligations set in the Electronic Communications (Universal Service) Order 2003, which require the designated providers to offer telephony services throughout the UK, and providers will remain bound by their existing statutory responsibilities.

Ofcom, the independent telecoms regulator, has issued guidance on how telecoms companies can fulfil their regulatory obligation to ensure that their VoIP customers have access to the emergency services in such circumstances. This guidance states that providers should have at least one solution available that enables access to emergency organisations for a minimum of one hour in the event of a power outage in the premises. The solution should be suitable for customers’ needs and should be offered free of charge to those who are at risk as they are dependent on their landline.

You can read Ofcom’s full guidance at the following links:

Guidance: Protecting access to emergency organisations when there is a power cut at the customer’s premises - Ofcom

Moving landline phones to digital technology: what you need to know - Ofcom

Customers who are not eligible for a free resilience solution should be able to request one but their provider may charge for it. Customers who are moving to VoIP services and are reliant on their landline should discuss their situation and requirements for a back-up solution with their provider before they are moved on to VoIP services.

Shared Rural Network

UK-wide initiatives will also bring coverage improvements in Scotland. The Shared Rural Network (SRN), led by the UK Government’s Department for Science, Innovation and Technology (DSIT) and the UK’s main network operators (O2, EE, Vodafone and Three) will make significant investments in 4G coverage: up to £1Bn to increase 4G access on at least one network to 95% of the UK’s landmass (which equates to around 91% of Scotland’s geography). This is a substantial increase on coverage levels of around 44% when the programme commenced in 2020. Ofcom’s most recent Connected Nations 2025 report states that as of July 2025, 90% of Scotland’s landmass had access to at least one mobile operator.

SRN is structured around two distinct but complimentary projects: the operators worked collaboratively to improve partial not-spots- those areas where 4G is only available on one or two providers – collectively investing in excess of £500 million on a commercial basis. This Partial Not-Spot project completed last summer.

Building on this, the UK Government is funding a second phase which is currently working to address 'total not-spots', areas where there is no coverage from any network provider and no likelihood of commercial investment. Further information about SRN is available at Shared Rural Network, including a high level map showing which areas will benefit from new Total Not Spot masts. Initial locations for Total Not Spot masts met strong opposition from groups such as the National Trust for Scotland, Scottish Land and Estates, the John Muir Trust and others over concerns for the impact on sensitive ‘wilderness’ landscapes and biodiversity. We brokered discussion among the mobile industry, UK Government and representatives from these groups to identify a mutually agreeable compromise solution.

In addition to this, BT recently announced it would address mobile not-spots through further investment. In the past 12 months, they’ve improved mobile coverage in more than 500 areas across the UK. BT will look to extend coverage in a further 900 locations by 2024.

Although the telecommunications sector is reserved to the UK Government, we understand the importance of increasing telecoms resilience, particularly in rural areas, which is why we invested £28.75 million in our multi award winning Scottish 4G Infill Programme (S4GI) programme.

Through S4GI we built and activated 55 future-proofed masts across Scotland, from Shetland to the Scottish Borders, to improve mobile telecoms resilience by increasing the overall network coverage in Scotland. All 55 masts are now live. The Scottish Government remains in close contact with UK Government-led initiatives such as the Shared Rural Network and the Emergency Services Mobile Communications Programme, which will also increase access to 4G services in rural, remote and island areas across Scotland. Both programmes make full use of our S4GI infrastructure further enhancing the impact of our investment and ensuring programmes achieve mutual aims. We continue to seek opportunities for further alignment.

For customers who don’t or can’t yet access broadband at home, Openreach have introduced a new dedicated landline service as an interim solution. This won’t require any in-home changes and will continue to provide access to a powered line.

Civil Contingencies

As previously mentioned, the responsibility of both telecoms and energy resilience rests with the UK Government. Both telecoms outages as well as power outages, affecting telecoms, can and do happen anywhere, at any time for a variety of reasons including severe weather or technical failures.

The Scottish Government work closely with the responder community on a variety of risks including those relating to telecoms outages.

The Civil Contingencies Act 2004 places duties upon statutory responders to plan, co-operate, share information, assess risk, develop business continuity and warn and inform the public. The Scottish Government does not direct responders in how to fulfil their legislative duties under the act. However, resilience partnerships are formed by the statutory responder agencies who come together to prepare for civil emergencies.

The Scottish Government is also active in facilitating information briefing sessions between BT Openreach and Scottish Stakeholders including Regional Resilience Partnership members, to ensure they have the most up to date information to allow them to prepare for how their services will run when this telecoms switchover is completed.

Additionally, we continue to work with industry, UK Government, the regulator (Ofcom) and other devolved governments through the Electronic Communications – Resilience and Response Group (EC-RRG) whose aim is to develop and maintain cooperation between the Communications Sector and Government on issues regarding resilience and emergency planning.

As you will already be aware, responsibility for the UK’s telecommunications network is reserved to the UK Government, with the Department for Science, Innovation and Technology being the lead government department.

The move to digital-based services is an industry-led decision and process. The decision to upgrade the legacy PSTN network is driven by the increasing fragility of the 40-year old analogue landline technology and the increased difficulty in maintaining the current network, due to reduced availability of replacement parts and the reduction of expertise in these analogue systems.

Critical Systems

The Scottish Government continue to work across the full range of SG Directorates to ensure all sectoral areas and their relevant stakeholders are informed and have plans in place to mitigate any potential impacts of the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) switch off.

Additionally, we have ensured that external responder agencies and categorised responders are appropriately briefed on the potential impacts by facilitating information sessions with telecoms operators.

We continue to work with industry, UK Government, the regulator (Ofcom) and other devolved governments through the Electronic Communications – Resilience and Response Group (EC-RRG) whose aim is to develop and maintain cooperation between the Communications Sector and Government on issues regarding resilience and emergency planning.

Telecare

Since 2018 we have had a local government programme under way to navigate and support migration of the telecare provision to 140,000 citizens across Scotland, in advance of the PSTN migration from analogue to digital.

Telecare providers across local authorities and housing associations have made excellent progress with more than 60% of lines and equipment now being fully digital. All telecare providers are engaged with the national programme and progressing their individual update programmes. In addition to this, a national call handling platform for telecare is being deployed, using the latest digital and cloud technology. As of November 2025, 18 organisations with more than 90,000 connections in total are delivering call handling services through this solution. While there is currently no concern with the migration plans of any telecare provider, the Digital Telecare Programme remains alert to the potential risk to the individual telecare users, who are often considered very vulnerable. There is a raised risk profile for those telecare users in rural areas for whom SIM-enabled devices may not be an option for continued telecare service from January 2027. Early mitigation of this, or alternative solutions, are being explored continuously.

Whilst the Scottish Government does not have any specific options that provide financial incentives for landowners to accommodate beaver wetlands, there are grant schemes that could be used to support complimentary and positive beaver management.

Agri-Environment Climate scheme (AECS) options could be used to for the creation and management of wetlands, water margins, and flood plain management. For example, if the edge of a field next to a burn or drainage channel regularly floods where beavers are present, having a larger water margin could help to reduce ongoing conflicts. For larger areas or naturally wet corners, wetland management options could be considered.

The Nature Restoration Fund (NRF) may also be able to provide financial support for suitable habitat creation or restoration particularly at a collaborative project, catchment or landscape level.

Through the NRF, the Scottish Government is committed to providing £65 million additional funding from 2021 to 2026 for projects that will restore nature, safeguard wildlife and tackle the causes of biodiversity loss and climate change.

Although outcomes related explicitly to beavers or wetlands are not specified, the priority themes of the NRF would permit the creation of this kind of habitat e.g:

• Habitat and species restoration - management for enhancement and connectivity.
• Freshwater restoration, including restoration of natural flows in rural catchments.

Scottish Forestry Grant Scheme also offers funding through the Woodland Creation and Woodland Improvement Grants for the creation of new woodlands and the sustainable management of existing woodlands. Payment rates relate to the kind of woodland being created, each of which has a prescribed planting density. A higher rate can be paid if the woodland is in a target area such as a Woodlands for Water and the Forestry Grant Scheme | Scottish Forestry target area.

For Woodland Improvement Grants specifically, the aim of this option is to provide capital grants for a range of activities that will:

• encourage natural regeneration and benefit priority habitats and species
• increase species and structural diversity through low impact silvicultural systems management
• support the preparation of forest and / or management plans that set out management objectives for the woodland
• improve the biodiversity, resilience, and structural diversity of even aged woodlands

Going forward, NatureScot will work with the Scottish Beaver Advisory Group (SBAG) to ensure there is continued support available to land managers for beaver mitigation and to influence the design of future schemes to support land managers in making space for nature and building ecosystem resilience.

NatureScot has also produced guidance which provides further details on these schemes on what existing measures could be used in support of living with beavers

Beaver Mitigation - Support through Government grant schemes | NatureScot.

Any land manager, farmer or crofter wishing to discuss positive beaver management should contact beavers@nature.scot for further advice.

As you will already be aware, responsibility for the UK’s telecommunications network is reserved to the UK Government, with the Department for Science, Innovation and Technology being the lead government department.

The move to digital-based services is an industry-led decision and process. The decision to upgrade the legacy PSTN network is driven by the increasing fragility of the 40-year old analogue landline technology and the increased difficulty in maintaining the current network, due to reduced availability of replacement parts and the reduction of expertise in these analogue systems.

Universal Service Obligations

It is worth noting that the PSTN migration does not affect the Universal Service Obligations set in the Electronic Communications (Universal Service) Order 2003, which require the designated providers to offer telephony services throughout the UK, and providers will remain bound by their existing statutory responsibilities.

Ofcom, the independent telecoms regulator, has issued guidance on how telecoms companies can fulfil their regulatory obligation to ensure that their VoIP customers have access to the emergency services in such circumstances. This guidance states that providers should have at least one solution available that enables access to emergency organisations for a minimum of one hour in the event of a power outage in the premises. The solution should be suitable for customers’ needs and should be offered free of charge to those who are at risk as they are dependent on their landline.

You can read Ofcom’s full guidance at the following links:

Guidance: Protecting access to emergency organisations when there is a power cut at the customer’s premises - Ofcom

Moving landline phones to digital technology: what you need to know - Ofcom

Customers who are not eligible for a free resilience solution should be able to request one but their provider may charge for it. Customers who are moving to VoIP services and are reliant on their landline should discuss their situation and requirements for a back-up solution with their provider before they are moved on to VoIP services.

PSTN Charter

You may be pleased to learn that on the 18 December 2023 a number of Communications Providers signed a Public Switched Telephone Network charter, where signatories (full list at link below) commit to the following:

1. We will not undertake any non-voluntary migrations to digital landlines, until we have full confidence that we are taking all possible steps to protect vulnerable people through the migration process.

2. No telecare users will be migrated to digital landline services without us, the customer, or the telecare company confirming that they have a compatible and functioning telecare solution in place.

3. Where battery back-up solutions are provided, we will work to provide solutions that go beyond the Ofcom minimum of 1 hour of continued, uninterrupted access to emergency services in the event of a power outage.

4. We will collectively work with Ofcom and Government to create a shared definition of vulnerable customer groups that require greater support, specific to the digital landline migration.

5. We will conduct additional checks on customers who have already been non-voluntarily migrated to ensure they do not have telecare devices we were unaware of, and if they do, ensure suitable support is provided.

Public Switched Telephone Network charter - GOV.UK (www.gov.uk)

We continue to work with industry, UK Government, the regulator (Ofcom) and other devolved governments through the Electronic Communications – Resilience and Response Group (EC-RRG) whose aim is to develop and maintain cooperation between the Communications Sector and Government on issues regarding resilience and emergency planning.

NatureScot Peatland ACTION undertakes compliance checks of peatland restoration projects post completion on a sample basis each year. The latest check of 24 sites identified herbivore impacts (from low to high) linked to deer populations on 5 of these sites with some, limited, reparation required. None of the sites where high damage has occurred have left the overall site at serious risk. High damage is in all cases extremely localised e.g. several square meters within a much bigger site (50ha+).

To manage the risk of deer populations impacting sites, and ensure the appropriate use of public funding, the Peatland ACTION partnership assesses the potential impact that deer may have on all projects prior to issuing grant offers. This includes consideration of a range of associated information e.g. deer population counts and trend data, and deer management plans which cover the area in question. As part of all Peatland ACTION contractual agreements landowners accept the responsibility to repair damage caused by deer across the restoration area. This is not done at a cost to the public purse.

Support for landowners to manage deer is available through the Peatland Training Fund and through the Agri-Environment and Climate Scheme.

The fisheries policy authorities intend to deliver the Fisheries Management Plans (FMPs) according to the timescales set out in Annex A of the Joint Fisheries Statement.

The current public consultation on 11 draft FMPs for demersal fish stocks will run for 16 weeks, closing on 11 March 2026. Following the consultation, responses will be analysed and FMPs will be amended ahead of publication later in 2026.

A significant amount of work on the remaining Scottish-led FMPs, including two Nephrops and eight pelagic stocks, has already been completed and consultations will be launched next year.

LFASS is an area-based payment under article 31 of Regulation (EU) No 1305/2013 focuses on providing financial support to farmers operating in areas that face natural or other specific constraints.

The eligibility is contained within The Less Favoured Area Support Scheme (Scotland) Regulations 2010 which were developed and approved by the European Union at that time.

The Less Favoured Area Support Scheme (LFASS) in Scotland excludes farmers and crofters without livestock because the scheme is designed to support active farming activity, defined primarily through minimum stocking density requirements linked to specific types of livestock farming. The Scottish Government has assessed this approach against EU Rural Development Regulation Article 31 and concluded that the livestock-based activity test is consistent with EU rules.

The use of livestock requirement is within the discretion allowed by EU RDRs, to focus support on the predominant and necessary farming systems (grazing) in naturally constrained areas to prevent land abandonment.

Scottish Government remains fully committed to co-developing the future payment framework of the four-tier support system. We will work with our farmers, crofters and stakeholders to ensure we bring them with us on our journey to deliver the vision for agriculture in a way which ensures a just transition to make Scotland a world leader in sustainable and regenerative agriculture.

NatureScot has begun work to carry out a review of the Deer Code and has set up Steering Group to help with this task, the Group began meeting in November 2025. Membership of this group is taken from a wide range of deer experts in Scotland and reflects the spectrum of opinions that exist.

Previously NatureScot published a Commissioned Report: SNH Research Report 1095: Review of compliance with the Code of Practice on Deer Management in 2019 which reviewed compliance with the Code.

As required by the Deer (Scotland) Act 1996 (the Act) NatureScot must have regard to Deer Code of Practice when exercising their functions under the Act, including when exercising functions under section 7(1) (control agreements) and section 8(1) (control schemes).

The documentation relating to this case explicitly states that regard was had to the Deer Code when exercising their section 7 functions. This documentation was published at the following link: Deer (Scotland) Act 1996 - section 8 control scheme: Loch Choire Estate - gov.scot.